Green Economy References:

University of Cape Town. (2025). Hydrogen South Africa (HySA) Catalysis. Available at: https://hysacatalysis.uct.ac.za/ [Accessed 15 April 2025].

University of the Western Cape. (2025). South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry (SAIAMC). Available at: https://www.uwc.ac.za/study/all-areas-of-study/institutes/south-african-institute-for-advanced-materials-chemistry/overview [Accessed 15 April 2025].

Western Cape Government Department of Agriculture. (2020). Evaluation of the diagnostic, design and implementation of the Western Cape agricultural sector climate change framework and implementation plan (SmartAgri). Available at: https://www.elsenburg.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/2019-Smart-Agri.pdf [Accessed: 25 April 2025].

Western Cape Government. (2025). Premier pleased with progress in construction of Riversdale solar energy project. Available at: https://www.westerncape.gov.za/department-premier/article/premier-pleased-progress-construction-riversdale-solar-energy-project#:~:text=The%20Western%20Cape%20Government's%20efforts,growth%20and%20job%20creation%20trajectory.%E2%80%9 [Accessed 15 April 2025].

Green Manufacturing References:

Department of Mineral Resources and Energy. (2025). Media statement: Minister Kgosientsho Ramokgopawelcomes cabinets’ approval of the South African Renewable Energy Master Plan. Available at: https://www.dmre.gov.za/news-room/post/2807[Accessed 15 April 2025].

Department of Mineral Resources and Energy. (2024). Integrated Resource Plan 2023. Available at: https://www.dmre.gov.za/Portals/0/Energy_Website/IRP/2023/IRP%20Government%20Gazzette%202023.pdf [Accessed 15 April 2025].

Enerdata. (2025). South Africa unveils its draft Integrated Resource Plan to 2030 and 2050. Available at: https://www.enerdata.net/publications/daily-energy-news/south-africa-unveils-its-draft-integrated-resource-plan-2030-and-2050.html[Accessed 15 April 2025].

Engineering News. (2025). South Africa to incentivise local EV production. Available at: https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/south-africa-to-incentivise-local-ev-production-2025-03-12#:~:text=The%20treasury%20said%20R1%2Dbillion,Edited%20by%20Reuters (Accessed: 15 April 2025)

Life Sciences & Health References:

Department of Science, Technology and Innovation. (2025). Biovac and development partners collaborate to support South Africa’s vaccine manufacturing expansion and advance long-term health security across Africa. Available at: https://www.dsti.gov.za/index.php/media-room/latest-news/3579-biovac-and-development-partners-collaborate-to-support-south-africa-s-vaccine-manufacturing-expansion-and-advance-long-term-health-security-across-africa [Accessed 15 April 2025].

South National Convention Bureau. (2025). Life Science. Available at: https://www.southafrica.net/gl/en/business/page/life-sciences [Accessed 15 April 2025].

UN Trade and Development. (2025). Africa’s $3.4 trillion opportunity: turning vulnerabilities into resilience. Available at: https://unctad.org/news/africas-34-trillion-opportunity-turning-vulnerabilities-resilience [Accessed 15 April 2025].

University of the Western Cape (2025). Pioneering AI-powered healthcare solutions: UWC's interdisciplinary collaboration tackles pressing medical challenges. Available at: https://www.uwc.ac.za/news-and-announcements/news/pioneering-ai-powered-healthcare-solutions-uwcs-interdisciplinary-collaboration-tackles-pressing-medical-challenges [Accessed 25 April 2025].

Wesgro. (2020). Western Cape trade and FDI flows on health technology. Available at: https://healthtech.capetown/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Western-Cape-Health-Tech-Trade-Investments-Final.pdf#:~:text=On%20that%20note%2C%20the%20Western%20Cape%20contributed,sciences%20exported%20from%20South%20Africa%20in%202019 [Accessed 15 April 2025].

Western Cape Government. (2025a). Minister Wenger tables R32 billion budget to begin the next chapter in healthcare. Available at: https://www.westerncape.gov.za/health-wellness/article/minister-wenger-tables-r32-billion-budget-begin-next-chapter-healthcare#:~:text=With%20a%20total%20allocation%20of,of%20promise%20for%20the%20future [Accessed 15 April 2025].

Western Cape Government. (2025b). Budget overview of provincial and municipal infrastructure investment. Available at: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mVFk5dKjih-KVXj-5U-kTKORY4_b-_L1/view [Accessed 25 April 2025].

World Wide Fund for Nature. (2025). A plant paradise. Available at: https://wwf.panda.org/discover/knowledge_hub/where_we_work/fynbos/ [Accessed 25 April 2025].

Logistics References:

National Treasury. (2021). Provincial budgets and expenditure review: 2015/16 – 2022/23. Available at: https://www.treasury.gov.za/publications/igfr/2021/prov/2020%20PBER%20publication.pdf [Accessed 15 April 2025].

Gmundner Fertigteile. (2023). Africa rail (South Africa) 2023. Available at: https://www.gmundner-ft.at/en/africa-rail-2/#:~:text=africa%20rail%20(south%20africa)%202023%20South%20Africa's,network%20in%20Africa.%20Furthermore%2C%20the%20South%20African [Accessed 15 April 2025].

Services References:

BusinessTech. (2022). This job skill in South Africa is being snapped up by companies in Europe. Available at: https://businesstech.co.za/news/trending/602958/this-job-skill-in-south-africa-is-being-snapped-up-by-companies-in-europe/[Accessed 15 April 2025].

GBS.World. (2023). 2023 Africa global business services benchmarking & market report – abridged edition. Available at: https://gbs.world/global-business-services-benchmarking-market-report/#:~:text=How%20big%20is%20the%20African,the%2026%20profiled%20African%20countries [Accessed 15 April 2025].

MyBroadband. (2025). Best prices for internet in the middle of nowhere. Available at: https://mybroadband.co.za/news/broadband/591010-best-prices-for-internet-in-the-middle-of-nowhere.html#:~:text=Vodacom%20and%20MTN%20have%20covered,632%2C000%20%E2%80%94%20not%20an%20insignificant%20number[Accessed 15 April 2025].

RocketNet Fibre Internet. (2025). Fibre optic undersea cables. Where, who and how. Accessed at: https://rocketnet.co.za/fibre-optic-undersea-cables-where-who-how-and-what/ [Accessed 15 April 2025].

World Bank. (2025). World Development Indicators Database. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=ZA [Accessed 15 April 2025].

Food & Beverages References:

Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural development. (2021). A Profile of the South African oats market value chain. Available at: http://webapps1.daff.gov.za/AmisAdmin/upload/Oats%20profile%202021.pdf [Accessed 15 April 2025].

Quantec. (2025). EasyData. Available at: https://www.easydata.co.za/dataset/TRD12/ [Accessed 15 April 2025].

SA Olive. (2022). Olive and olive oil factsheet. Available at: https://www.saolive.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/SA-Olive-Factsheet.pdf [Accessed 15 April 2025].

Western Cape Government. (2024). Provincial Economic Review Outlook (PERO). Available at: https://www.westerncape.gov.za/provincial-treasury/sites/provincial-treasury.westerncape.gov.za/files/atoms/files/Provincial%20Economic%20Review%20and%20Outlook%202024.pdf [Accessed 25 April 2025].

Wines of South Africa. (2025). Statistics. Available at: https://www.wosa.co.za/the-industry/statistics/world-statistics/ [Accessed 15 April 2025].

Wines of South Africa. (2022). Our sustainable wine journey. Available at: https://www.wosa.co.za/wosadocs/82024/Our%20Sustainable%20Wine%20Journey%20FA%20-%20indiv%20pages%20for%20Web%20Book%202022-05.pdf [Accessed 25 April 2025].

World Economic Forum. (2024). Here's how we make the $9 trillion global food supply chain sustainable. Available at:https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/08/food-supply-chain-networks-why-sustainable-practices-fail-and-approaches-to-improve-them/ [Accessed 15 April 2025].

Education References:

Euromonitor International. (2025). Passport database.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2025). Trends shaping education 2025. Paris: OECD Publishing. Available at https://doi.org/10.1787/ee6587fd-en [Accessed 12 May 2025].

Quantec. (2025). EasyData.

South African Government. (2024). Western Cape Provincial Treasury on Rapid School Build programme. Available at https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/western-cape-provincial-treasury-rapid-school-build-programme-22-feb-2024 [Accessed 15 May 2025].

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Culture Organisation. (2016). Education for people and planet: creating sustainable futures for all. Global Education Monitoring Report. Paris: UNESCO Publishing. Available at https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000245752 [Accessed 14 May 2025].

Who Owns Whom. (2024). The education industry in South Africa. Johannesburg: Who Owns Whom.

World Bank. (2024). Western Cape education sector analysis. Washington, DC: World Bank.

World Bank. (2025). World Development Indicators database. Available at https://databank.worldbank.org/reports.aspx?source=2&series=SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS&country= [Accessed 12 May 2025].

Venture Capital References:

Business Day. (2024). Analysis: Western Cape attracts the most venture funding in SA. Available at: https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/economy/2024-07-29-analysis-western-cape-attracts-the-most-venture-funding-in-sa/#:~:text=By%20deal%20volume%2C%20things%20remained%20steady%20at,capital]%20activity%20in%20SA%2C%20with%20Gauteng%20making[Accessed: 7 May 2025].

City of Cape Town. (2024). Invest in Cape Town: Regional market analysis and intelligence 2023/ 24. Available at: https://www.investcapetown.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/COCT-Market-Intelligence-Report-FA-interactive-1.pdf [Accessed: 12 May 2025].

Department of Trade, Industry and Competition. (2025). Innovation and technology funding instruments. Available at : https://www.thedtic.gov.za/financial-and-non-financial-support/incentives/technology-venture-capital/ [Accessed 9 May 2025].

KPMG. (2024). 2024 global VC investment rises to $368 billion as investor interest in AI soars, while IPO optimism grows for 2025 according to KPMG Private Enterprise’s Venture Pulse. Available at: https://kpmg.com/xx/en/media/press-releases/2025/01/2024-global-vc-investment-rises-to-368-billion-dollars.html [Accessed: 13 May 2025].

SME South Africa. (2024). Guide to venture capital funding in South Africa. Available at: https://smesouthafrica.co.za/sme-guides/vc-funding-in-south-africa/#:~:text=In%202021%2C%20South%20African%20start,a%20total%20of%20$107%20million [Accessed: 7 May 2025].

Southern African Venture Capital and Private Equity Association. (2024). Venture capital industry survey 2024. Available at: https://savca.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/SAVCA-VC-Survey-2024-Digital.pdf [Accessed: 12 May 2025].

Startup Genome. (2024). The global startup ecosystem report 2024. Available at: https://startupgenome.com/report/gser2024[Accessed: 12 May 2025].

The African Private Capital Association. (2024). African private capital activity report 2024. Available at: https://www.avca.africa/media/o5makqy5/avca234-19-vc-report_4.pdf [Accessed: 9 May 2025].

E-Commerce References:

Bizcommunity. (2025). Unlocking opportunities in South Africa's growing online grocery segment. Available at: https://www.bizcommunity.com/article/unlocking-opportunities-in-south-africas-growing-online-grocery-segment-366388a [accessed: 13 May 2025].

Boston Consulting Group. (2024). Foreign e-tailers are here! Is South African e-Commerce ready? Available at: https://web-assets.bcg.com/b5/b4/333e56944145a10f0d57408b8067/foreign-e-tailers-are-here-is-south-african-e-commerce-ready-3.pdf [Accessed 10 February 2025].

City of Cape Town. (2024). Invest in Cape Town: Regional market analysis and intelligence 2023/ 24. Available at: https://www.investcapetown.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/COCT-Market-Intelligence-Report-FA-interactive-1.pdf [Accessed: 12 May 2025].

ECDB. (2024). eCommerce market in South Africa. Available at: https://ecommercedb.com/markets/za/all. [Accessed: 13 May 2025]

Euromonitor International. (2024a). Retail e-Commerce in South Africa Country Report | May 2025. Available at: https://www.portal.euromonitor.com/analysis/tab [Accessed: 10 February 2025].

Euromonitor International. (2024b). Retail e-Commerce in the World. Available at: https://www.portal.euromonitor.com/analysis/tab [Accessed: 10 February 2025].

Fintech Africa. (2024). Amazon’s entry into South Africa set to shake up e-Commerce landscape. Available at: https://fintechnews.africa/44008/fintech-south-africa/amazons-entry-into-south-africa-set-to-shake-up-e-commerce-landscape/#:~:text=South%20Africa%20boasts%20105%20e,Technological%20University%20in%20Singapore%20show [Accessed 10 February 2025].

Statista. (2025a). eCommerce - South Africa. Available at: https://www.statista.com/topics/11038/e-commerce-in-south-africa/ [Accessed: 12 May 2025].

Who Owns Whom (Pty) Ltd. (2022). Online retail in South Africa, September 2023. Available at: https://www.whoownswhom.co.za/store/online-retail-south-africa/ [Accessed: 10 February 2025].

WorldWide Worx. (2024). Online retail in South Africa 2024. Available at: https://www.peachpayments.com/scale/world-wide-worx-2024-online-retail-report [Accessed: 9 May 2025].

Space Economy References:

Iderawumi, M. (2025). Key insights from the 2025 space industry outlook webinar. Available at:https://spaceinafrica.com/2025/02/20/key-insights-from-the-2025-space-industry-outlook-webinar/ [Accessed: 9 May 2025].

McKinsey and Company. (2024). The $18 trillion opportunity for global economic growth. Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/aerospace-and-defense/our-insights/space-the-1-point-8-trillion-dollar-opportunity-for-global-economic-growth [Accessed: 9 May 2025].

Quantec. (2025). EasyData.

Wesgro. (2024). Pioneers, space innovation in the Cape. Available at: https://www.wesgro.co.za/corporate/resources/pioneers-podcasts-space-innovation-in-the-cape-7th-edition [Accessed: 10 May 2025].

South African National Space Agency. (2024). SANSA payload takes flight at South Africa's new rocket gantry. Available at: https://www.sansa.org.za/2024/12/sansa-payload-takes-flight-at-south-africas-new-rocket-gantry/ [Accessed: 13 May 2025].

National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (2025). Artemis.

Cape Peninsula University of Technology. (2013). ZACUBE-1 launch makes history. Available at: https://www.cput.ac.za/academic/faculties/engineering/93-faculties-and-short-courses/faculty-of-engineering/6640-zacube-1-launch-makes-history [Accessed: 13 May 2025].

University of Cape Town News. (2024). UCT and MeerKAT make giant strides in unveiling mysteries of the universe. Available at: https://www.news.uct.ac.za/article/-2024-12-06-uct-and-meerkat-make-giant-strides-in-unveiling-mysteries-of-the-universe#:~:text=By%20harnessing%20the%20extraordinary%20capabilities%20of%20South%20Africa%E2%80%99s,innovative%20strides%20in%20unveiling%20mysteries%20of%20the%20universe. [Accessed: 13 May 2025].

Cape Peninsula University of Technology. (n.d.). Available at: https://www.cput.ac.za/world-space-week#:~:text=In%202013%2C%20F'SATI%20at,of%20advanced%20CubeSat%20radio%20systems. [Accessed: 13 May 2025]

Oni, D. (2021). Cape Town startups stake their claim in the small satellite industry. Available at: https://spaceinafrica.com/2021/06/15/cape-town-startups-stake-their-claim-in-the-small-satellite-industry/ [Accessed: 13 May 2025].

The Foundation for Space Development South Africa. (2011). The South African space industry. Available at: https://brycetech.com/reports/report-documents/South_African_Space_Industry_2011.pdf [Accessed: 13 May 2025]